Piles (Hemorrhoids): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Home Remedies

Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort, pain, itching, and sometimes bleeding. Piles are a common health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, especially adults over the age of 40. Although piles can be uncomfortable and embarrassing to discuss, they are usually not dangerous and can be treated effectively with lifestyle changes, medications, and medical procedures.

In this comprehensive guide, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, types, treatment options, and prevention tips for piles.

What Are Piles?

Piles are swollen blood vessels in the lower rectum or around the anus. They develop when there is increased pressure in the veins of the rectal area. This pressure causes the veins to stretch, swell, and sometimes bleed.

Piles can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). In some cases, internal piles can protrude outside the anus, which is known as prolapsed hemorrhoids.

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Types of Piles

1. Internal Piles

Internal piles occur inside the rectum and are usually painless. However, they may cause bleeding during bowel movements. In advanced stages, they may protrude outside the anus.

2. External Piles

External piles develop under the skin around the anus. They can cause itching, pain, swelling, and discomfort while sitting.

3. Thrombosed Piles

When blood clots form inside external piles, they are called thrombosed piles. This condition can be extremely painful and may require medical treatment.

Causes of Piles

Several factors can increase pressure in the rectal veins and lead to piles:

• Chronic constipation
• Straining during bowel movements
• Prolonged sitting on the toilet
• Low-fiber diet
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Heavy lifting
• Chronic diarrhea
• Aging

In cities like Mumbai and other urban areas, a sedentary lifestyle and processed food consumption significantly contribute to the rising cases of piles.

Symptoms of Piles

The symptoms of piles vary depending on the type and severity. Common symptoms include:

• Bleeding during bowel movements (bright red blood)
• Pain or discomfort in the anal area
• Itching or irritation around the anus
• Swelling around the anus
• A lump near the anus
• Mucus discharge
• Feeling of incomplete bowel movement

If bleeding is persistent or heavy, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.

Risk Factors

Some individuals are more likely to develop piles due to:

• Family history of hemorrhoids
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Poor dietary habits
• Pregnancy and childbirth
• Aging
• Frequent heavy lifting

People working desk jobs and those with irregular eating habits are particularly at risk.

Diagnosis of Piles

Doctors usually diagnose piles through:

• Physical examination
• Digital rectal examination
• Anoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (if needed)

These procedures help rule out other conditions such as anal fissures or colorectal diseases.

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Treatment Options for Piles

1. Home Remedies for Piles

Mild cases of piles can be treated at home with lifestyle modifications:

• Increase fiber intake (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
• Drink plenty of water
• Avoid straining during bowel movements
• Take warm sitz baths
• Use over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams
• Apply cold compresses

Fiber supplements can also help soften stools and reduce strain.

2. Medications

Doctors may prescribe:

• Topical creams and ointments
• Pain relievers
• Stool softeners
• Suppositories

These treatments help relieve symptoms but may not cure severe piles permanently.

3. Non-Surgical Procedures

If home remedies are ineffective, doctors may recommend:

• Rubber band ligation
• Sclerotherapy
• Infrared coagulation

These minimally invasive procedures are quick and usually do not require hospitalization.

4. Surgical Treatment

In severe cases, surgery may be required:

• Hemorrhoidectomy (removal of piles)
• Stapled hemorrhoidopexy

Surgery is typically recommended for large, prolapsed, or recurrent hemorrhoids.

Best Diet for Piles

A high-fiber diet is essential for preventing and managing piles. Include:

• Oats
• Brown rice
• Lentils
• Leafy green vegetables
• Apples and pears
• Chia seeds
• Flaxseeds

Avoid:

• Spicy foods (if they worsen symptoms)
• Processed foods
• Excess caffeine
• Low-fiber junk food

Prevention Tips for Piles

Preventing piles is easier than treating them. Follow these tips:

1. Eat a fiber-rich diet
2. Drink 8–10 glasses of water daily
3. Exercise regularly
4. Avoid sitting for long periods
5. Go to the toilet when you feel the urge
6. Maintain a healthy weight

Making small lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of piles.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a doctor if you experience:

• Heavy or persistent bleeding
• Severe pain
• Symptoms lasting more than a week
• Signs of infection

Ignoring piles can lead to complications such as anemia or strangulated hemorrhoids.

Are Piles Dangerous?

Piles are usually not life-threatening, but untreated severe cases can cause complications. Early diagnosis and proper management can prevent worsening symptoms.

Conclusion

Piles (hemorrhoids) are a common yet manageable condition caused by increased pressure in the rectal veins. While they can cause discomfort and embarrassment, most cases can be treated with simple home remedies and lifestyle changes. Maintaining a high- fiber diet, staying hydrated, and exercising regularly are key to prevention.